The effectiveness of a filters roll-off is measured in the amount of volume they are going to reduce for every octave away from the selected starting point. Roll-off refers to how quickly the selected frequency will decline to a non-audible level. The notch filter would be used to reduce specific noises within the mid-frequency range. Band-pass filters are used for creating the “telephone” sound on vocals or dialog. Low pass filters are used on low-frequency instruments like bass guitar it can filter out string buzz or amp hiss. For example, high-pass filters are commonly used on cymbal and hi-hat microphones in order to minimize sound from the bass drum. During recording sessions filters are mostly used in order to minimize unwanted noise and sounds in an audio signal. Filtersįilters are processors that reduce the volume of specific frequencies of the audio signal. Let’s start with the different types of filters as these have the most drastic effect on any sound. These types of EQ’s are called parametric.Īn EQ will adjust the balance in your audio signal that will allow you to boost or cut certain frequencies, essentially volume control for bass (lows), mids or treble (highs). The higher the Q value, the less surround frequencies will be affected while the lower the Q value, the more surround frequencies will be affected. To get more precise control, you can adjust the amount of surrounding frequencies that will be affected. These types are referred to as semi-parametric EQ’s. These types use two knobs, one for selecting the frequency and the other to adjust gain. The more sophisticated EQ’s allow you to choose the frequency that you want to boost or cut. An example of a Graphic EQ can be found in iTunes, Media Player or the EQ within your receiver. The frequency is pre-set and the volume controlled by a slider rather than a knob. A variation of a fixed EQ is the Graphic EQ, where the spectrum is divided into more than 5 bands. Typically bass is set to 100Hz, mids set to 1kHz and highs at 10kHz. These are fixed EQ’s where the frequency is pre-set by the manufacturer. Simple equalizers only allow control of volume to a specific frequency band. There are different types of equalizers and frequency filters. If you upgrade from the stock stereo, you probably had more in depth graphical display which allows you control over the high-pass filters (HPF), low-pass filters (LPF) and possibly even notch out a particular range that will be affected while boosting or cutting frequencies. If it has three knobs for bass, mids and treble, that is considered a three-band EQ. That’s an example of a two-band equalizer you can control two parts of the frequency spectrum. Stock car stereos likely have two knobs that allow you to change the bass and the treble. You can find these preset EQ’s on an older receiver as well, but for the most part, modern receivers are set to a flat response to allow the true voice of the speaker to shine. They would usually have some preset EQ settings like Rock, Classical and Jazz. Your childhood boom box was probably the first place you experimented with different EQ settings. I always thought it was interesting to see how an equalizer (EQ) would affect what I was listening to.
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